Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2006
Publication Information
32 Pers. & Soc. Psychol. Bull. 970 (2006)
Abstract
Social comparison theories typically assume a comparable degree of competition between commensurate rivals on a mutually important dimension. In contrast, however, the following set of studies reveals that the degree of competition between such rivals depends on their proximity to a standard. Studies 1-3 test the prediction that individuals become more competitive and less willing to maximize profitable joint gains when they and their commensurate rivals are highly ranked (e.g., #2 vs. #3) than when they are not (e.g., #202 vs. #203). Studies 4-6 then generalize these findings, showing that the degree of competition increases not only for high ranks but also in the proximity of other meaningful standards, such as the bottom of a ranking scale or a qualitative threshold in the middle of a scale. Studies 7-8 further examine the psychological processes underlying the present findings and reveal that proximity to a meaningful standard exerts a direct impact on the unidirectional drive upward, beyond the established effects of commensurability and dimension relevance.
Recommended Citation
Avishalom Tor, Stephen M. Garcia & Richard Gonzalez,
Ranks and Rivals: A Theory of Competition,
32 Pers. & Soc. Psychol. Bull. 970 (2006).
Available at:
https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/law_faculty_scholarship/692
Comments
Reprinted with permission of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.